This term is most widely applied to long-necked fretted lutes found in the Caucasus, Turkey, south-eastern Europe and neighbouring areas including northern Syria and northern Iran. It is often used loosely, sometimes differentiating a different type of long-necked lute, or as an alternative appellation for ṭanbūr, baǧlama, buzuq or chogur.

(Grove Music Online, 10.02.2026)